
There is no rounding in the computation, but the displayed value is truncated. N is the next tech level (i.e., if C currently has land 9, N is 10).T is the tech type (land/naval/infra/trade).Tech_cost( C,T,N) = base_cost( T,N) * ahead_of_time_factor( T,N) Technology cost is the base cost times six factors, one of which is composed of 6 addends.

There is a base cost for each level, which can be looked up in the tech table for each particular tech. The computation of tech cost is rather complex. To see the tech cost for a particular field, mouse over its slider on the budget screen the tech cost is shown on the tooltip. The cost of the next level in a particular field of technology is its technology cost.

There are no general effects of technology the effect of progress in each particular field is listed in its own specific article:
